在談Life Cycle Costing 生命週期成本之前,我們要先比較一下下列3個與專案相關的生命週期
1) Product life cycle 產品的生命週期 (Ex:某廠牌某系列服飾,某車廠某車系)
n Idea(想法)
n Growth(push it into market)
n Maturity(bring more revenue into company)
n Decrease(lower valve to company)
n Withdrawal(下架)
2) Project Life cycle專案的生命週期(視產業不同有不同的流程)
n Facility project (設備機具類專案)
u Feasibility analysis
u Design
u Prototype
u Manufacture
u Installation
u Integration test/Final acceptance test/turn over to end users
n IT project (資訊專案)
u Requirement analysis(Hearing)
u System Analysis/System Design
u Prototype
u Coding
u UAT(User acceptance test)
3) Project Management Process 專案管理流程 (How to manage project works)
n Initiation: Project charter-> Preliminary project scope statement
n Planning: Scope definition-> WBS -> Activity definition -> Activity requirement estimating ->…Risk ->…..
n Execution…/Monitoring&controlling../Closing contract closed -> lesson learned -> team dismiss.
把上面三種先弄清楚接下來要看主題Life Cycle Costing 生命週期成本,專案成本管理(Cost Management)的大原則是要以整個Product Life Cycle(產品的生命週期)來思考,通常專案僅包含產品的設計及製造階段,產品生產完成後的後續維運、維修服務、報廢所衍生的成本亦需要考量,加上這些成本才是產品總的成本,專案的成本不能僅考慮設計及製造階段的成本,這個觀念就稱為Life Cycle Costing 生命週期成本。
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