PMP Exam Formulas:
1) Financial method of project selection:
n 成本效益比Benefit Cost Ratio= Benefit / Cost
n 回收時間Payback time= Benefit / Cost ，Ex: $55,800 / $90,000 = 0.62 of a year = approx. 8 months
n PV=FV / (1+r)n ，FV=future value ，r =discount rate 貼現率(折現率, 折換成現值的比例), 通常用利率(interest rate) 作例子，n = number of time periods
n NPV= Co + C1/(1+r)0 + C2/(1+r)2 + C3/(1+r)3 + …. ，Co : 第0年一次性建設成本(現值)， C1 :第一年收支相減，C2 :第二年收支相減
2) PERT 計畫評核術
n PERT Weighted Average 加權平均值
= (Pessimistic + 4*Most Likely + Optimistic) / 6
= (悲觀值 + 4 * 最可能值 + 樂觀值) / 6
n PERT Standard Deviation (SD)標準差σ
= (Pessimistic - Optimistic) / 6= (悲觀值 - 樂觀值) / 6
n PERT Variance of an activity= [(P-O)/6]2
n PERT Project SD= [(σa) 2+(σb) 2+ (σc) 2…]1/2， a 、b 、c stand for activity.
3) Float 浮時 = LS-ES = LF-EF
4) Contingency reserve = BAC of reusing Modecalo method - original BAC (如果題目给等式右邊兩個數字問你Contingency reserve)
5) Earned Value Analysis
時程變異SV = EV - PV = 實獲值 - 計劃值 (-) = Behind schedule 時程落後 ，(+) = Ahead of schedule 時程超前
n PV: Planned Value(計劃值；應該要完成的，在activity cost estimating時的產出活動估計值，也是cost baseline)
n EV: Earned Value(實獲值，完成的計劃值)
n AC: Actual Cost(活動真正花費)
n
n 時程績效指標SPI = EV / PV = 實獲值 / 計劃值 (<1) = Behind schedule 時程落後 ，(>1) = Ahead of schedule 時程超前
n 成本變異CV = EV - AC = 實獲值 -實際成本 (-) = Over budget 超出預算 ， (+) = Under budget 在預算內
n 成本績效指標CPI = EV / AC = 實獲值 /實際成本 (<1) = Over budget 超出預算， (>1) = Under budget 在預算內
n Budget At Completion (BAC). 完工總預算(執行前推估，PV曲線終點值)
n Estimate At Completion (EAC) 完工估算(執行後，以現在推估)
n ETC = EAC - AC = 完工估算 - 實際成本，Estimate Cost To Complete (ETC). 到完工所需估算(還要再花多少)
n Variance At Completion (VAC). 完工變異
n VAC = BAC - EAC = 完工總預算 -完工所需估算，(－) = Over budget 超出預算 ，(＋) = Under budget 在預算內
n EAC=BAC/CPI (考題無特別說明均用此公式)
=AC+ETC (全部的預估(PV)是不正確的)
=AC+(BAC-EV) (今天之前的預估(PV)是不正確的，之後的預估(PV)是對的)
=AC+(BAC-EV)/CPI (預估(PV)是不正確的，不過變異一致)
6) Cost budget = cost baseline + management reserve(unknown, unknown)
7) Cost baseline = contingency reserve(known, unknown) + sum(control account)
8) Communication Channel 溝通管道 [N(N-1)] / 2 ，N = # of people. 人數，快速解題技巧:
n 人數n->n+1 , channel increase n. n+1*(n+1-1)/2 - n*(n-1)/2=n
n 人數n->n+2 , channel increase n+(n+1) . 38->40, 38+39=77
9) 5 個數值計算其 平均值: Excel 函數AVERAGE(20,30,40,50,60)= 40 ，標準差 : Excel 函數STDEV(20,30,40,50,60)= 15.811=¼*[(20-40)2+ (30-40)2+….. (60-40)2] ½
It will be benefitial to you if you can read other articles I wrote as following.
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